> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.redivis.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/workflows/transforms/variable-creation-methods/string.md). # String ### Concat Concatenates multiple strings into a single string. Treats NULL values as an empty string. –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#concat) ```sql CONCAT(@expression) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable)s or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal)s | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | ### Ends with Determines whether a string is a suffix of another string –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#ends_with) ```sql ENDS_WITH(@expression, @expression_2) ``` #### Return type boolean #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@expression_2` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | ### Format string Creates a formatted string from input variables. Similar to the C printf function. –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#format) ```sql FORMAT(@format_string, @expression) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ---------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable)s or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal)s | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string), [integer](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#integer), [float](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#float), [date](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#date), [dateTime](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#dateTime), [time](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#time) | true | - | | `@format_string` | [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | ### Length Returns the number of characters in a string variable –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#length) ```sql LENGTH(@variable) ``` #### Return type integer #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ----------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | ### Lower case Return string value to lowercase –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#lower) ```sql LOWER(@variable) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ----------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | ### Pad left Pad a string to the left with characters up to a certain total length –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#lpad) ```sql LPAD(@variable, @return_length[, @pattern]) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@pattern` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | false | - | | `@return_length` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [integer](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#integer) | true | - | ### Trim left Removes all leading characters that match the provided pattern –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#ltrim) ```sql LTRIM(@expression[, @pattern]) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@pattern` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [Redivis type](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#variable-types) | false | - | ### Normalize Normalization is used to ensure that two strings are equivalent. Normalization is often used in situations in which two strings render the same on the screen but have different Unicode code points. –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#normalize) ```sql NORMALIZE(@variable[, @normalization_mode]) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@normalization_mode` | [enum](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#enum) | any of: `NFC`, `NFKC`, `NFD`, `NFKD` | false | *(NFC (default))* | ### Regexp contains Match a variable's values against a regular expression –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#regexp_contains) ```sql REGEXP_CONTAINS(@variable, @regex) ``` #### Return type boolean #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ----------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@regex` | [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [Redivis type](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#variable-types) | true | - | ### Regexp extract Returns the first substring that matches a regular expression –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#regexp_extract) ```sql REGEXP_EXTRACT(@variable, @regex) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ----------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@regex` | [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [Redivis type](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#variable-types) | true | - | ### Regexp replace Replaces all substrings that match a given regular expression with a new string –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#regexp_replace) ```sql REGEXP_REPLACE(@variable, @regex, @expression_2) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@regex` | [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [Redivis type](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#variable-types) | true | - | | `@expression_2` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | false | - | ### Repeat Return a string of a provided value repeated a set number of times –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#repeat) ```sql REPEAT(@expression, @literal) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@literal` | [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [integer](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#integer) | true | - | ### Replace Replaces all substrings that match a given string with a replacement string –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#replace) ```sql REPLACE(@expression, @match, @expression_2) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@match` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@expression_2` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | false | - | ### Reverse Reverses a string –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#reverse) ```sql REVERSE(@expression) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | ### Pad right Pad a string to the right with characters up to a certain total length –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#rpad) ```sql RPAD(@variable, @return_length[, @pattern]) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@pattern` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | false | - | | `@return_length` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [integer](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#integer) | true | - | ### Trim right Removes all trailing characters that match the provided pattern –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#rtrim) ```sql RTRIM(@expression[, @pattern]) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@pattern` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [Redivis type](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#variable-types) | false | - | ### Starts with Determines whether a string is a prefix of another string –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#starts_with) ```sql STARTS_WITH(@expression, @expression_2) ``` #### Return type boolean #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@expression_2` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | ### String position Returns the 1-based index of the first occurrence of a substring within a string. Returns 0 if not found. –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#strpos) ```sql STRPOS(@expression, @match) ``` #### Return type integer #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@match` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | ### Substring Return the substring of a specified string –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#substr) ```sql SUBSTR(@expression, @position[, @length]) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@position` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [integer](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#integer) | true | - | | `@length` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [integer](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#integer) | false | - | ### Trim Removes all leading and trailing characters that match the provided pattern –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#trim) ```sql TRIM(@expression[, @pattern]) ``` #### Return type string #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@expression` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - | | `@pattern` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) or [literal](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#literal) | any [Redivis type](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#variable-types) | false | - | ### Upper case Return string value to uppercase –> [learn more](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#upper) ```sql UPPER(@variable) ``` #### Return type dynamic (input-dependent) #### Parameters | Name | Type | Allowed values | Required | Placeholder (in UI) | | ----------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------- | | `@variable` | [variable](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/projects/transform-nodes/variable-creation-methods/common-elements#variable) | any [string](https://docs.redivis.com/reference/datasets/variables#string) | true | - 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